Male pelvic health still carries a stigma. Men’s needs are often overlooked, leading to a lack of understanding and treatments specifically tailored for men. Thus, Pelvis NYC was born out of necessity. When Dr. Adam Gvili, founder of Pelvis NYC, experienced pelvic floor dysfunction and did not get all the help he deserved, he decided to treat men’s pelvic floor as a male. Male pelvic floor therapists are specially trained to focus on male health concerns, providing the care and attention that men deserve. They can also help address specific issues such as male pelvic pain, which can impact everyday activities and require specialized treatment.
Pelvic Health
A pelvic floor is a group of muscles and tissues that support the bladder and sexual organs. The pelvic floor muscle function is crucial for supporting these organs and maintaining their proper function. Additionally, pelvic floor muscle function is essential for maintaining bowel and bladder control, helping to prevent incontinence. These muscles can become weak or damaged due to many factors. As a result, men may experience problems with urinary or bowel incontinence, sexual dysfunction, or pain in the pelvis or lower back.
Pelvic Floor Therapy
Male pelvic floor therapists are an essential part of pelvic health because they can provide care specifically tailored for male patients. The male pelvis is different from the female pelvis, so it’s important to have someone who understands the male anatomy. Male pelvic floor therapists specialize in treating male-specific conditions, such as erectile dysfunction. They can help men to strengthen their pelvic floor muscles, which can improve urinary control and sexual function. Pelvic floor muscle exercises, also known as kegel exercises, can help improve bladder control, prevent incontinence, and potentially enhance sexual performance and pleasure.
Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
Dysfunction of the pelvic floor occurs when there is difficulty coordinating the pelvic floor muscles, resulting in issues like urinary or bowel incontinence, chronic pain, and other related problems. Weakened pelvic floor muscles can also be a significant concern, and male pelvic floor therapists can help treat this condition through daily routine exercises, education, and building helpful habits. Male pelvic floor therapists can provide education and support to men who are dealing with prostate issues or other chronic health conditions. By working with a male pelvic floor therapist, men can take steps to improve their overall health and well-being.
Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy
Male pelvic floor therapists undergo special training to assess and treat pelvic floor dysfunction, making them highly skilled pelvic floor physical therapists. They can provide customized exercises and treatments to help improve the strength and function of the pelvic muscles. These treatments can include exercises to strengthen, relax, and stretch the pelvic floor muscles, addressing specific issues such as bladder control, incontinence, constipation, erectile dysfunction, and chronic pain. Therefore, men can enjoy improved bladder control, better sexual performance, and reduced pain.
Why Choose Us?
Dr. Adam Gvili is a physical therapist specializing in male health concerns who wants to end the gap on who should treat men. Since no one wants to go next with male genitalia, he specializes in male health concerns. He offers treatments for pelvic floor dysfunction, incontinence, and pain. He is also a certified Pilates instructor which allows him to offer tailored Pilates programs to his patients. His unique combination of skills and experience makes him uniquely qualified to treat men’s pelvic floor problems.
Our office is located inside the gym, and yes, it is not the usual sterile clinic that you are expecting. Our clinic is a thriving one to make every client feel at home as we help them improve their symptoms. For a consultation with Dr. Adam Gvili, contact Pelvis NYC today to schedule an appointment with a medical professional who listens to you, identifies the root of your symptoms, and designs the best treatment plan.
It’s no secret that an ankle sprain takes a lot of weeks to recover. But with physical therapy, we can significantly reduce the time frame. Pelvis NYC can speed up your ankle sprain recovery time and give exercises that can improve your range of motion and strength.
If interested in how physical therapy can help you recover from an ankle sprain, please contact us today at www.pelvis.nyc. We would be happy to schedule a consultation with you. And if ever you want to learn more, continue reading this blog.
Ankle Injury
Ankle sprains are a common sports injury. The ligaments that stabilize the ankle can be stretched or torn when the foot twists or turns beyond its normal range of motion. This can happen when landing after a jump, making a sudden change in direction or stepping on an uneven surface. While ankle sprains can occur in anyone, they are most common in athletes who participate in sports. Examples are running and jumping, such as basketball, football, and soccer.
Most people recover from an ankle sprain within four to eight weeks with proper treatment. If you suffer from an ankle sprain and are looking for ways to speed up your ankle sprain recovery time, look no further! Physical therapy can help reduce swelling, regain strength and range of motion, and get you back on your feet quicker.
To reduce your risk of suffering an ankle sprain, it is important to warm up properly before participating in any physical activity. Wearing supportive shoes and using caution when walking on uneven surfaces can also help to prevent this type of injury.
Home Remedy
A sprained ankle can range from mild to severe depending on the case. Symptoms typically include pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty bearing weight on the affected foot. In some cases, the ligament may be completely torn, which can result in instability of the joint. While rest, ice, and elevation are usually effective in treating a mild sprain, more severe injuries may require immobilization of the joint or surgery to repair the ligaments. If you suspect you have sprained your ankle, you must see a doctor or physical therapist. They can help give an accurate diagnosis and accelerate your ankle sprain recovery time.
Treatment with Physical Therapy
While most ankle sprains are minor and heal within a few weeks, some require more extensive treatment. The good news is that physical therapy is one option that can help speed up the ankle sprain recovery time healing process and reduce pain. By working with a physical therapist, patients can learn exercises that stretch and strengthen the muscles and ligaments around the ankle. These exercises and treatments are designed to improve range of motion, flexibility, strength, and proprioception (the ability to sense the position of one’s body in space). In addition, electrical stimulation or other modalities may be used to decrease inflammation and promote healing.
If you’re looking for first-rate physical therapy services in New York, look no further than Pelvis NYC. We will customize you with a proper treatment plan to help you make a full recovery in no time. So whether you’ve suffered an ankle sprain or just need some general help getting back into shape, our skilled doctor of physical therapy can help. Trust us – your body will thank you!
Contact us today for more information about our physical therapy services. We’ll help you get back to doing the things you love as quickly as possible!
Ditch the old wives’ tale that a sprain will heal on its own. Having physical therapy should be at the top of your list if you’ve recently sprained your foot or suffered another type of foot injury. Research has shown that getting a physical therapist can speed up your healing process and help you avoid further injury down the line.
And no, you don’t have to be a professional athlete to benefit from physical therapy. Whether your goal is to walk pain-free or simply improve your mobility, we can create a treatment plan that’s tailored specifically for you. So if you’re ready to get on the road to recovery, book now and we’ll have you back on your feet in no time. But if you are still in doubt about whether you see a PT or not, take time to read this.
How to know if you have one?
If you have ever sprained your foot, you know how painful the experience is. It is because a sprain is defined as a ligament injury that is caused by a sudden overstretching or tearing. A foot sprain occurs when the ligaments that support the foot are stretched or torn. This can happen due to an awkward fall, sudden movement, or direct impact. The most common symptom of a foot sprain is pain, swelling, and bruising. In severe cases, the foot may also feel weak or unstable.
Sprains and strains are common injuries, especially for athletes. But even if you’re not an athlete, you can still sprain your foot by simply walking or running on uneven ground. Foot sprains are unfortunately all too common, but the good news is that they’re usually not serious. However, if the pain is severe or you suspect that you may have fractured a bone, it’s always best to see a doctor just to be safe.
If you need some help to recover from a sprained foot faster, consider physical therapy because it can help you with exercises that can strengthen the muscles around your foot and ankle.
Treatment At-Home
For milder injuries, foot sprain can be treated at home. Here are some simple treatments you could do to ease the discomfort and enhance your recovery.
Rest- This is probably the most important thing you can do for a sprain. Put your foot up and avoid walking or standing for long periods. This will help give your body a chance to heal.
Ice: Ice can help reduce swelling and pain. Apply an ice pack for 20 minutes at a time several times a day to the affected area.
Compression: A compression bandage can also help reduce swelling. Wrap your foot tightly, but not so tight that it cuts off circulation.
Elevation: Keeping your foot elevated above heart level will also help reduce swelling. Prop it up on a pillow or cushioned surface when you’re sitting or lying down.
When to see a Physical Therapist?
If you’ve recently suffered a sprain, you might be wondering when it’s time to consult a professional. The answer, of course, depends on the severity of your injury. If you’re able to put weight on your foot and walk relatively normally, you can probably wait a few days before seeking help. However, if the pain is severe or you’re unable to bear weight on your foot, it’s best to see a physical therapist right away.
A physical therapist can help you heal your sprained foot properly. Severe sprains may require a splint or cast. But, most people with a sprain will be able to heal with the help of a physical therapist. A physical therapist can help you with the range of motion and improve your flexibility. He will also teach you how to properly walk and stand to avoid putting pressure on your injured foot. In addition, a physical therapist can create an at-home exercise program for you to follow. This will help speed up the healing process and reduce the risk of re-injury.
So if you have a foot sprain, don’t hesitate to visit Pelvis NYC and book an appointment now. We will help you assess the damage and create a treatment plan to help you get back on your feet in no time.
Time to Recover with Physical Therapy
Depending on the severity of the injury, it can take weeks or even months to recover. However, with the help of physical therapy, most people can regain their full range of motion and strength. The exact timeline for recovery depends on many factors, including the type of sprain, the location of the injury, and the person’s age and fitness level. However, in general, it takes around four to six weeks to recover from a minor sprain, while more severe injuries may take three to four months.
Pudendal neuralgia is a relatively unknown condition that can cause pain and numbness in the genitals, buttocks, and thighs. Although it is not well known, there are treatments available that can help treat the symptoms with the help of physical therapy.
In this blog post, we’ll take a closer look at what pudendal nerve entrapment is, why men are still at risk for it, and what treatment options are available. So if you are unaware of pudendal nerve entrapment in males and how can this affliction be cured this one is for you.
Definition
The pudendal nerve is essential to sensation and function in your pelvic region, including the anus and genitals. You can use this nerve to send movement (motor) and sensation information from your genital area. Pudendal nerves pass through the pelvic floor muscles which support your organs, ending at your external genitalia. But what if this nerve becomes compressed?
Pudendal nerve entrapment is a condition in which the nerve becomes compressed or damaged, leading to pain, numbness, or weakness in the affected area. Most of the time it is underdiagnosed, poorly treated, and causes significant impairment of quality of life. A person can experience such intense agony in the genital area and seat region that they are unable to urinate, have intercourse, or even sit down without experiencing intense, shooting, burning pain.
Though it can be very uncomfortable and distressing for most men, don’t worry because the cure is available.
Why Men Are Still at Risk?
Pudendal neuralgia is most common in women but can also affect males. The possible causes are:
Prolonged Sitting
Cycling
Horse Riding
Pelvic Surgery
Pelvis Broken Bone
Constipation
Contraction of the pudendal nerve by the nearby muscles or tissue
But take note that sometimes in some cases causes are not found. But there are still ways to know whether you experiencing are symptoms of pudendal neuralgia. Here are some examples:
Hard to reach orgasm, pain during sex, and erectile dysfunction
If ever you are experiencing these, it’s better to seek medical attention especially if the pain is causing you trouble. Early treatment can be a great help to prevent more pain and discomfort.
Physical Therapy for Pudendal Neuralgia
In the realm of treating pudendal neuralgia, our approach to physical therapy is comprehensive and personalized. The initial steps involve delving into your medical history and lifestyle choices, crucial for identifying the underlying factors contributing to your pain. This meticulous analysis also lays the foundation for a targeted treatment plan.
Central to our strategy is pelvic floor physical therapy, a conservative yet highly effective option for pudendal nerve entrapment. This specialized therapy guides your body in a multifaceted journey—restoring structures, releasing tension in pelvic floor muscles, and ensuring proper alignment of the tailbone. The diversity of physical therapy strategies at Pelvis NYC encompasses manual therapy as well as tailored exercises, and strengthening routines, addressing specific muscle issues and promoting overall pelvic health.
At Pelvis.NYC, we firmly believe in the individuality of each patient. Our commitment to a personalized approach means that every treatment plan is unique, and crafted to address your specific symptoms and concerns. Our goal is to not only alleviate pain but also prioritize your comfort. Take the first step towards relief by visiting us and experiencing a FREE 15-minute teleconsultation.
Do you constantly experience shoulder pain? If so, you’re not alone. Many men suffer from shoulder pain on a regular basis but this is something not to worry about. But remember that while some cases of shoulder pain in men are relatively minor and can be treated with over-the-counter medication, others may be more serious and require professional attention.
In this blog post, we’ll explore the various causes of shoulder pain and how physical therapy can help you to prevent, reduce, and eliminate shoulder pain. Check it out if it interests you!
Shoulder Pain Overview
If you’re like most people, you probably don’t think much about your shoulder until it starts to hurt. And even then, you might not realize that there are different types of shoulder pain, each with its own implications.
One of the most amazing joints of the body is the shoulder. It’s the most movable joint in the human body, thanks to a group of muscles and tendons called the rotator cuff. This group gives the shoulder a wide range of motion. But it also means that the shoulder is more susceptible to pain than other joints.
Shoulder pain can result from swelling, damage, or changes to the bone surrounding the rotator cuff. Your arm may hurt when you lift it above your head or when you move it forward or behind your back. But don’t worry – there are treatments available to help relieve your shoulder pain and get you moving again.
Common Causes
The most common cause of shoulder pain is when the rotator cuff tendons become trapped under the bone. This condition causes inflammation or damage to the tendons and is known as rotator cuff tendinitis or bursitis.
Possible causes:
Shoulder joint arthritis
Shoulder bone spurs
Bursitis
Broken bone on the shoulder
Shoulder Dislocation
Separation of the shoulder
Frozen shoulder
Long use or injury of nearby tendons
Rotator cuff tendons tear
Poor shoulder mechanics and posture
Shoulder Pain Treatment
Shoulder pain is a common complaint that can be caused by a variety of issues. Most often, shoulder pain is the result of overuse or injury and arthritis, bursitis, or tendonitis.
For many people, the best way to treat shoulder pain is with rest, ice, and over-the-counter pain medication. If these first steps don’t provide relief, your doctor may suggest a corticosteroid injection. This anti-inflammatory medicine can help to reduce swelling and pain. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the shoulder.
Exercises are likely to be part of your treatment plan if you have issues with your shoulder. These exercises will stretch and strengthen the joint, and increase your range of motion. However, most shoulder problems can be resolved with nonsurgical treatments.
If you are experiencing shoulder pain, talk to your doctor to find the best treatment option for you.
Physical Therapy for Shoulder Pain
Physical therapy involves exercises and stretches that help to strengthen the muscles and tendons around the shoulder. It helps reduce pain, improves range of motion, and prevents more injury.
In addition, physical therapy can help to improve posture and reduce stress on the shoulder joint. As a result, it is often an important part of any treatment plan for shoulder pain.
If you’re a man silently struggling with chronic pelvic pain, urinary problems, constipation, or sexual dysfunction, you’re not alone—and you’re not imagining things. These frustrating symptoms are often linked topelvic floor dysfunction (PFD), a condition that affects the muscles deep within your pelvis. The good news? There’s effective, evidence-based help available. Treatment for pelvic floor dysfunction—especially through pelvic floor physical therapy—is helping more men finally get relief, restore confidence, and reclaim their quality of life.
What Is Pelvic Floor Dysfunction?
Your pelvic floor is a group of muscles at the base of your pelvis that support vital organs like your bladder, bowel, and prostate. These muscles play a critical role in urination, bowel movements, and sexual performance.
When those muscles are too tight, too weak, or not coordinating properly, you may experience pelvic floor dysfunction. In men, this often goes undiagnosed for years, as the symptoms are easily mistaken for other conditions—or dismissed altogether.
Knowing what to look for is the first step toward getting the right treatment for pelvic floor dysfunction. Symptoms may vary from person to person, but common signs include:
Pain or discomfort in the pelvis, perineum, lower abdomen, or genitals
Feeling of tightness, pressure, or heaviness in the pelvic region
If any of these sound familiar, it’s worth speaking to a pelvic health expert.
What Causes Pelvic Floor Dysfunction?
While the exact causes aren’t always clear, several factors may contribute to pelvic floor dysfunction in men, including:
Chronic constipation or excessive straining
Prostate surgery or pelvic trauma
Heavy lifting or poor body mechanics
Stress, anxiety, or trauma (which can cause muscle tension)
Aging and natural muscle weakening
Sports injuries or high-impact activities
Understanding the cause helps guide the best course of treatment for pelvic floor dysfunction, especially when it comes to restoring proper muscle function.
Pelvic Floor Muscle Dysfunction: Causes and Risk Factors
Men can develop pelvic floor muscle dysfunction from a variety of sources. Chronic constipation and straining are common contributors, along with physical trauma, prostate surgery, or high-impact sports. Emotional stress and anxiety can also lead to muscle tension in the pelvic area, exacerbating symptoms. Even poor posture or weak core muscles can contribute to long-term pelvic floor imbalance.
How Pelvic Floor Exercises Help
One of the most effective, non-invasive ways to treat PFD is through pelvic floor exercises. These include targeted movements designed to strengthen weak muscles and relax tight ones.
You might be guided through Kegel exercises (adapted for men), posture alignment, breathing coordination, and core-strengthening routines. Over time, these exercises improve muscle awareness, bladder and bowel control, and sexual function.
Nonsurgical Treatments for Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
Before considering surgery, many men find success with nonsurgical treatments. These can include pelvic floor physical therapy, manual therapy for muscle knots, biofeedback training, and pain management techniques. For some, cognitive or behavioral therapy may also be recommended to reduce anxiety-related muscle tension. Together, these approaches form the first line of treatment for pelvic floor dysfunction.
Lifestyle Changes to Support Recovery
Daily habits can significantly impact your pelvic health. Incorporating lifestyle changes such as staying hydrated, eating a fiber-rich diet, and avoiding straining during bowel movements can ease symptoms. Reducing heavy lifting, managing stress through mindfulness practices, and maintaining good posture also support pelvic muscle recovery.
Surgical Treatments: When Are They Necessary?
Doctors rarely recommend surgical treatments for pelvic floor dysfunction in men, but they may consider them in severe cases when non-invasive methods fail.
Treatment of severe pelvic organ prolapse (rare in men)
Surgery is typically a last resort, and most men improve significantly with nonsurgical treatments and therapy.
Floor Dysfunction Is Treatable—You’re Not Alone
Living with floor dysfunction can be frustrating and isolating—but it’s also highly treatable. The key is getting the right diagnosis and care from someone who understands male pelvic health.
Why Choose Pelvis NYC?
At Pelvis NYC, we specialize in treating men with pelvic floor dysfunction. Our lead therapist has not only studied this condition extensively but has personally experienced it—bringing empathy and expertise to your care.
We offer one-on-one therapy sessions in a private, respectful setting. Every treatment plan is tailored to your symptoms and lifestyle, with continued support throughout your recovery.
Get Started with a Free 15-Minute Teleconsultation
You don’t have to live with pelvic pain, urinary issues, or sexual dysfunction. Treatment for pelvic floor dysfunction is available—and it works.
Almost everyone’s back hurts. Particularly those who spend a lot of time sitting on chairs, lifting heavy things on the job, or are overweight. The cause is usually a sedentary lifestyle. Regardless of the cause, physical therapy can help heal your lower back pain fast by pinpointing the problem and designing a stretch and exercise program to ease the pain.
Definition
Low back pain can result from many different injuries, conditions, or diseases. Most often, it is an injury to muscles or tendons in the back.
A person can suffer from mild to severe pain. Sometimes, pain makes it impossible to walk, sleep, work, or perform daily tasks.
In most cases, lower back pain can be treated with rest, pain medication, and physical therapy. During physical therapy sessions, they use hands-on treatment (such as osteopathic manipulation or chiropractic manipulation) to heal your lower back pain fast.
What Causes Lower Back Pain?
Back pain is due to one thing: activity. Pain is either caused by a certain activity or by a general lack of activity. This leaves your back unable to handle the daily demands. Fortunately, you don’t have to worry because these causes can heal fast with physical therapy. These are:
Sprains and strains – This is the most common cause of acute lower back pain. It can happen when you twist or lift something incorrectly, pick up a heavy object, or overextend your reach and you strain a muscle and tear a tendon, resulting in a sprain.
Sciatica – A sharp lower back pain that radiates down your legs and butts is caused by compression of the sciatic nerve. Herniated or ruptured discs are common causes of sciatica.
A herniated or ruptured disc – An accident, fall, or sports injury can cause damage to your spine. The pain begins immediately after the injury. There may also be tingling or numbness in your legs.
Lower Back Pain Exercises You Can Do
Performing Neck and Shoulder Stretches
Basic neck stretches can be done anywhere, such as at home, at work, or even while driving, throughout the day. These include:
Stretch from the chin to the chest. Bring the chin towards the chest and bend the head forward until you feel a stretch in the back of your neck.
Lateral Flexion Stretch from Ear to Shoulder. Stretch out the side of the neck as if you were touching your ear to your shoulder. Try to keep the shoulders relaxed and the back in a healthy position.
Stretch the levator scapula. Place one arm against a wall or door jamb with the elbow slightly above the shoulder, then turn the head in the opposite direction. Stretch the back of the neck by bringing the chin down toward the collarbone. It may be helpful to pull the head gently forward with the other hand to hold the stretch.
Do a corner stretch. Face the corner of a room and place your forearms on each wall with your elbows at shoulder height. Lean forward until you feel a stretch under your collarbone.
There are some stretches to avoid such as neck circles and quickly bending the neck forward and backward or side to side. Performing these stretches can strain muscles or place additional stress on the cervical spine.
Low back pain stretches
Stretches for back flexion. Lie on your back and pull your knees to your chest while flexing the head forward until you feel a stretch in the mid and low back.
The Knee-To-Chest Stretch. Lay on your back with your knees bent and both heels on the floor. Place your hands behind one knee and pull it toward your chest, stretching the gluteus and piriformis muscles in the buttocks.
The kneeling lunge stretches. Starting on both knees, move one leg forward, keeping your weight evenly distributed across both hips (rather than on one side). Put both hands on the top of the thigh, and gently lean your body forward to feel a stretch in the front of the other leg. Stretching the hip flexors stretches the muscles that attach to the pelvis and can impact posture if too tight.
The piriformis muscle stretches. Lie on your back with your knees bent and your heels on the ground. Place one leg over the other, resting the ankle on the bent knee, and pull the bottom knee toward the chest until you feel a stretch in the buttock. Alternatively, lying on the floor, cross one leg over the other and pull it forward over the knee, keeping the other leg flat.
These are representative examples of commonly prescribed types of stretches. The majority of stretches can be modified to fit the individual’s level of flexibility and pain and can be made easier by using a wall, door jamb, or chair for added stability. But take note that if you’ve done these steps correctly, it can surely help heal your lower back pain fast.
Physiotherapy for Lower Back Pain
Physical therapy and exercise are considered part of the treatment of most back pain patients, regardless of whether they are undergoing non-surgical or surgical treatment. The reason for this is that patients with lower back pain heal fast with physical therapy.
Physical therapy aims to decrease back pain, increase function, and teach the patient how to prevent further back problems. Because of this, most patients with low back pain get referrals for physical therapy for four weeks as an initial conservative (nonsurgical) treatment option.
Our team at Pelvis.NYC knows that not all back pain is the same. Despite proper stretching and strengthening your core, you may still experience pain for weeks. The good news is that you don’t have to wait until your pain becomes unbearable or chronic. Our experts can quickly pinpoint your pain and design a stretches and exercise program that targets specific muscles to alleviate your pain. You’ll also work with a professional to ensure you perform each lower back stretch correctly.
Don’t wait for a few more days to treat your lower back pain. We can help you now to get back on your feet and back to work faster. For more questions or inquiries, you may visit our website www.pelvis.nyc, and have your FREE 15-minute teleconsultation.
Did you know that chronic constipation is often linked to a weak pelvic floor? Strengthening your pelvic floor muscles through targeted exercises can help restore normal bowel movements and significantly reduce the symptoms of constipation.
The management of chronic constipation involves a range of approaches, including dietary changes, lifestyle modifications, and medical treatments, in addition to pelvic floor exercises.
In this guide, we’ll explore how pelvic floor exercises can improve chronic constipation in adults, how to recognize constipation symptoms, and what treatment options—like biofeedback therapy—can help you regain control of your digestive health.
Understanding Bowel Movements: What’s Normal?
Bowel movements are a critical marker of digestive health. The frequency, consistency, and ease of your bowel movements can reveal much about your gastrointestinal system. In clinical practice, both stool frequency and stool form are important markers used to assess bowel health.
Healthy Bowel Movements Typically Involve:
1–3 movements per day or every other day (individual variations are normal)
Smooth, soft stools (like a sausage or snake)
Minimal straining or urgency
A sense of full evacuation
Disruptions in this routine—especially infrequent or difficult bowel movements—may indicate chronic constipation or underlying bowel disease.
What Is Chronic Constipation in Adults?
Chronic constipation in adults is a long-term condition marked by difficulty passing stool, hard or dry stools, and a sense of incomplete evacuation. It affects millions and becomes more common with age, especially in women and people with sedentary lifestyles. The prevalence and risk factors of chronic constipation include demographic factors such as age and gender, as well as lifestyle factors like low physical activity and poor dietary habits. Functional constipation is a primary form of constipation that occurs without secondary medical causes, while idiopathic constipation and chronic idiopathic constipation refer to cases where no clear underlying cause can be identified.
Common Chronic Constipation Symptoms Include:
Fewer than three bowel movements per week
Hard, dry, or lumpy stools
Painful defecation
A feeling of blockage in the rectum
A sense that you can’t completely empty your bowels
Causes and Risk Factors for Chronic Constipation
Chronic constipation doesn’t have a single cause—it’s often the result of several overlapping factors. One of the most common risk factors is a low-fiber diet, which can slow down the movement of stool through the digestive tract. Not drinking enough fluids and leading a sedentary lifestyle can also contribute to sluggish bowel habits.
Certain medical conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), diabetes, and hypothyroidism, are known to increase the risk of developing chronic constipation. Medications are another important consideration; blood pressure medications, opioid painkillers, and some antihistamines can all slow colonic motility and worsen constipation symptoms.
Other risk factors include being over the age of 65, female gender, and a personal or family history of constipation, especially if it began in childhood. Recognizing these risk factors is key to identifying patients who may benefit from early intervention and targeted strategies to treat constipation before it becomes severe.
Diagnosis and Testing: How Is Chronic Constipation Identified?
Diagnosing chronic constipation starts with a thorough review of your symptoms and medical history. Patients with chronic constipation often report infrequent bowel movements, hard or lumpy stools, and difficulty passing stool. Your healthcare provider will likely perform a physical examination, which may include a digital rectal examination. This can help to check for issues like rectal prolapse or faecal impaction.
To rule out more serious conditions such as colon cancer or inflammatory bowel disease, your doctor may recommend diagnostic tests like colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, or imaging studies. Specialized tests, such as anorectal manometry or the balloon expulsion test, can help assess how well your pelvic floor muscles and rectum are functioning and identify problems like dyssynergic defecation.
A diagnosis of chronic constipation is typically made when you experience two or more of the following:
Straining during bowel movements
Hard or lumpy stools
A sensation of incomplete evacuation
Fewer than three bowel movements per week.
These diagnostic steps help ensure that any underlying bowel disease is identified and that your treatment plan is tailored to your specific needs.
The Link Between Constipation and the Pelvic Floor
When you strain repeatedly to pass stool, you may unknowingly damage your pelvic floor muscles. These muscles support your bowel, bladder, and reproductive organs. Over time, excessive pressure can lead to pelvic floor dysfunction, which worsens constipation instead of relieving it. Pelvic floor dysfunction can result in evacuation disorders, where impaired coordination of the rectal and pelvic floor muscles makes it difficult to evacuate stool. It is also often associated with anorectal disorders—structural or functional problems in the anorectal region—that further impair normal stool passage.
How Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Affects Bowel Health:
Impairs coordination needed for proper colonic transit (movement of stool through the colon)
Disrupts the relaxation and contraction of anal and rectal muscles
Increases risk of faecal impaction, a severe form of blockage where hardened stool becomes stuck in the rectum
Pelvic Floor Exercises for Chronic Constipation Relief
Pelvic floor exercises, often called Kegels, involve clenching and releasing the muscles that control urination and defecation. When done correctly, they help restore proper function and coordination of the pelvic muscles, improving chronic constipation over time.
However, identifying the correct muscle group is key. Without proper guidance, these exercises may be ineffective.
Biofeedback Therapy for Chronic Constipation
While pelvic floor exercises are a powerful first step, many patients achieve even greater success when combining them with biofeedback therapy—a highly effective, evidence-based approach that helps retrain the muscles for smooth, coordinated bowel movements. The effectiveness of biofeedback therapy is often measured by clinical response, which includes improvements in symptoms and increased bowel movement frequency.
What Is Biofeedback Therapy?
Biofeedback uses sensors and computer-guided visual or auditory feedback to help patients retrain pelvic muscles. During the session:
You’ll learn to identify and relax the appropriate muscles
You’ll receive real-time feedback on how well you’re performing the exercises
Therapists will guide you to improve coordination for smoother bowel movements
This therapy has shown significant success in treating chronic constipation in adults, especially when linked to pelvic floor dysfunction.
When to Seek Professional Help:
If you’re unsure how to activate your pelvic floor muscles or aren’t experiencing relief, it’s essential to consult a trained physical therapist. At PELVIS.NYC, Dr. Adam Gvili PT, DPT, customizes treatment plans for each patient, using evidence-based techniques including biofeedback therapy, manual therapy, and behavioral training.
Other Causes of Constipation to Consider
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Irritable bowel syndrome, particularly IBS-C (constipation-dominant), is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder that leads to abdominal pain, bloating, and irregular bowel habits.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Unlike IBS, inflammatory bowel disease involves structural inflammation of the digestive tract and includes conditions like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Though more commonly associated with diarrhea, some forms can cause chronic constipation.
Bowel Disease and Colonic Transit Slow colonic transit is a key factor in many forms of bowel disease. A sluggish colon may prevent the movement of stool, leading to constipation that’s unresponsive to diet or fiber alone.
Diet and Lifestyle Tips for Constipation in Adults
A well-balanced diet rich in dietary fiber plays a significant role in managing constipation. Aim for 25–30 grams of fiber daily from whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Adequate fluid intake is also essential for maintaining normal bowel movements and preventing chronic constipation.
A high fiber diet and dietary fiber treatment are considered first-line strategies for managing chronic constipation, with soluble fiber (such as psyllium) being particularly effective in improving symptoms. Hydration and regular physical activity are also crucial.
Use stimulant laxatives only as directed by a healthcare provider and never for weight loss, as they do not promote actual weight reduction.
If you experience unintentional weight loss or fecal incontinence, these may indicate more serious underlying conditions and should prompt medical evaluation.
Additional Tips:
Avoid over-reliance on laxatives
Stay hydrated with at least 8 glasses of water per day
Schedule time for daily, unhurried bowel movements
Use a footstool to elevate your knees while on the toilet for optimal alignment
Preventing Complications of Chronic Constipation
Taking steps to prevent complications from chronic constipation is essential for long-term digestive health. Simple lifestyle changes, such as increasing your intake of high fiber foods, drinking plenty of water, and staying physically active, can help relieve constipation and reduce the risk of more serious problems. Avoiding foods that can worsen constipation—like processed foods and excessive dairy—while focusing on dietary fiber can make a significant difference.
Medical treatments, including stool softeners, over the counter laxatives, or pelvic floor therapy, may be recommended if lifestyle changes alone aren’t enough. Addressing underlying health issues, such as diabetes or thyroid disorders, and managing stress through relaxation techniques can also help prevent complications.
By staying proactive, you can lower your risk of developing issues like rectal prolapse, faecal impaction, or even colorectal cancer. Regular check-ins with your healthcare provider ensure that your symptoms are monitored and your treatment plan is adjusted as needed, helping you maintain healthy bowel habits and overall well-being.
When to Worry: Faecal Impaction and Severe Cases
In severe or untreated cases of chronic constipation, faecal impaction may occur, requiring urgent medical intervention. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, rectal bleeding, and inability to pass gas or stool. If you suspect this condition, seek professional care immediately.
In cases of severe or persistent constipation, colorectal cancer screening may be recommended to rule out serious underlying conditions.
Let Us Help You Break the Cycle
At PELVIS.NYC, we understand that no two cases of constipation are alike. Whether your symptoms stem from a weak pelvic floor, slow colonic transit, or a functional bowel disease, our approach is personalized and effective. We evaluate and treat conditions affecting the colon and rectum, including subtypes such as normal transit constipation and slow transit constipation.
Ready to Start Healing?
Book a free 15-minute teleconsultation with Dr. Adam Gvili today and begin your journey toward digestive health.
Chronic constipation in adults is more than just an inconvenience—it’s a signal that something in your digestive or pelvic system may be off-balance. With the right diagnosis, a tailored therapy plan, and consistent support, you can restore normal bowel movements and take back your quality of life.
A man may opt for a vasectomy if he does not want to impregnate someone in his lifetime. However, most of them experience lower abdominal pain after vasectomy as a response to their body’s fast healing, resulting in inflammation and secondary pain. But what is it really like after a vasectomy procedure? Is the pain bearable? Is there relief?
Continue reading to find out.
Overview of Post-Vasectomy Pain Syndrome
Post-vasectomy pain syndrome (PVPS) is a continuous or intermittent testicular pain lasting more than three months. About 1–2% of men who undergo a vasectomy experience this discomfort, which leads to some form of medical treatment.
In some cases, the pain may begin within one month following the procedure and continue for years following the surgery. Pain can be ongoing and short-lived and resolved with anti-inflammatory tablets, but can also become chronic. It can be mild to moderate chronic pain, and in rare cases, patients may experience debilitating pain. But do not worry because there are treatments used for PVPS.
The experience of lower abdominal pain after a vasectomy is only indicative of your body’s response to the healing process, which includes some inflammation and secondary pain. Typically, it is mild discomfort for 5-10 days and occurs in the scrotum area, but can also affect the groin or lower abdomen.
What Symptoms Should You Watch for After a Vasectomy?
If you’ve had a vasectomy and you’re still dealing with pain months later, you might be wondering what’s going on. You could be experiencing something called Post-Vasectomy Pain Syndrome (PVPS)—and while it’s rare, it’s real. The symptoms can range from mildly annoying to seriously disruptive, so it’s important to pay attention to what your body’s telling you.
Here are some common PVPS symptoms to look out for:
Ongoing testicular or scrotal pain: If the ache just won’t go away and it’s been more than a few months, it’s worth getting checked.
Lower abdominal pain: That dull, nagging pain in your lower belly or groin area could be related.
Pain during physical activity: Whether you’re working out, lifting something heavy, or just on your feet for too long—if it hurts, take note.
Discomfort during sex: Painful erections or discomfort during intimacy are common red flags.
Pain after ejaculation: Some men describe a sharp or lingering pain after climax, which can affect their quality of life.
Erectile dysfunction: Chronic pain can take both a physical and mental toll, making it harder to get or maintain an erection.
If any of these sound familiar, you’re not alone—and you’re not imagining things. It’s a good idea to reach out to a urologist who understands PVPS and can help you explore your treatment options. Catching it early can make a big difference.
Factors causing PVPS
In terms of the symptoms exhibited and the treatment required, there are a few main causes for testicular pain following vasectomy:
Neurogenic: Some chronic pain is caused by sperm build-up in the vas deferens, trapped in fibrous tissue. This can cause intense pain during activities that agitate your scrotum, such as running or cycling.
Granuloma: Sometimes sperm leakage occurs during or shortly after a vasectomy, causing a lump and swelling.
Epididymitis: Epididymitis results from an increase in pressure inside the epididymis, which is a tube that transports sperm from the testes to the urethra. Normally, men continue to produce sperm after a vasectomy, and the cells are reabsorbed by the body. However, they can develop a buildup of sperm in their vas deferen,s which can cause the epididymis to burst under pressure.
Testicular Torsion: If left untreated, PVPS can twist the spermatic cord that carries blood to the scrotum and cut off the blood supply.
Why Do Men Experience Lower Abdominal Pain After a Vasectomy?
It’s not uncommon for men to experience lower abdominal pain after a vasectomy, and there are a few reasons why this can happen. In most cases, the discomfort is temporary and part of the normal healing process—but for some, it may signal a more persistent issue like Post-Vasectomy Pain Syndrome (PVPS).
Common Causes of Lower Abdominal Pain After Vasectomy:
Post-surgical inflammation: After a vasectomy, your body initiates a healing response. Mild swelling or irritation can sometimes radiate to the lower abdomen or groin area, causing discomfort.
Nerve irritation or injury: Small nerves in the spermatic cord or pelvic region can become irritated during the procedure. It can lead to pain that may be felt higher up in the lower abdomen.
Congestion pain: After the vas deferens is sealed, sperm may continue to build up, causing pressure or congestion in the epididymis. This can lead to a dull ache that radiates to the abdominal area.
Referred pain: Sometimes, pain originating in the testicles or scrotum is “referred” or felt in the lower abdomen due to how nerves are interconnected in that area of the body.
Infection or hematoma (rare): In some cases, post-operative complications like infection or internal bleeding (hematoma) can lead to localized pain that spreads toward the lower belly.
When to Seek Help
If the pain is sharp, increasing, or lasts more than a few weeks, it’s a good idea to check in with your urologist. Especially if it’s affecting your daily life, sex drive, or causing concern—early intervention can prevent chronic issues.
Diagnosis of PVPS
PVPS is different from acute postoperative pain. Most PVPS patients suffer from persistent orchalgia for greater than three months after surgery. However, some patients experience pain while ejaculating, having intercourse, or erection.
The diagnosis of PVPS must be an exclusion diagnosis. A three-month follow-up history and physical are recommended after surgery. A scrotal ultrasound using color-flow Doppler is administered to every patient suffering from chronic testicular pain. It is recommended to obtain a routine urinalysis, a urine culture, and a semen culture to determine whether there is an infection.
Treatment Options for Post-Vasectomy Pain Syndrome (PVPS)
Post-Vasectomy Pain Syndrome (PVPS) is a long-term complication that affects a small percentage of men following a vasectomy. Characterized by chronic testicular pain lasting longer than three months, PVPS can significantly impact quality of life. The good news is that there are several effective treatment options for PVPS, ranging from conservative approaches to advanced surgical procedures.
1. Non-Surgical and Conservative Treatments
Many men with mild to moderate PVPS find relief through conservative, non-invasive methods:
Over-the-counter pain relief: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen help reduce swelling and manage pain.
Scrotal support: Wearing supportive underwear minimizes movement and pressure, which can ease discomfort.
Physical therapy: Specialized pelvic floor physical therapy can address muscle tension and nerve irritation.
Nerve blocks: Local anesthetic or corticosteroid injections into the spermatic cord can reduce nerve-related pain and serve as a diagnostic tool.
These methods are often the first line of treatment for chronic testicular pain after vasectomy.
2. Medication-Based Treatments
When conservative measures aren’t sufficient, doctors may prescribe medications targeted at nerve-related pain:
Neuropathic pain medications: Drugs like gabapentin, pregabalin, or tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline) help manage chronic nerve pain.
Hormonal therapy: In select cases, medications that reduce testosterone may be used to decrease testicular activity and reduce pain.
These treatments are particularly useful when pain is thought to be neuropathic or hormonal in nature.
3. Surgical Treatment for PVPS
For persistent, severe pain, surgical intervention may be necessary:
Microsurgical denervation of the spermatic cord (MDSC): A precise procedure that targets and severs specific nerves to stop the pain signal.
Vasectomy reversal: In cases where pressure buildup or sperm congestion is suspected, reversing the vasectomy may relieve symptoms.
Epididymectomy or orchiectomy: As a last resort, surgical removal of the epididymis or testicle may be considered, especially when all other options have failed.
Surgical options are typically recommended only after conservative and medication-based therapies have been exhausted.
4. Mental Health and Supportive Care
Living with chronic post-vasectomy pain can take a toll on mental health. Psychological counseling, pain management therapy, and support groups can be essential parts of a holistic treatment plan.
Physical Therapy as a non-surgical treatment for PVPS
Pelvic floor physical therapy can also be beneficial in the treatment of PVPS. People who undergo a vasectomy may experience significant pelvic pain. Due to the abnormal testicular pain they are experiencing, their pelvic muscles tend to tighten up. A physical therapist can teach them pelvic floor exercises to relax those muscles and take the strain off of other areas, such as the scrotum and testicles.
Pelvic floor therapy relieves pelvic pain and discomfort associated with testicular pain by relaxing the scrotum and testicle muscles. By using this therapy, you may be able to increase blood flow and relieve some symptoms.
At PELVIS NYC, we have successful treatments for post-vasectomy pain. By alleviating their symptoms, we enable them to carry on with their daily lives. We listened carefully to identify the source of their pain and formulate the best possible treatment.
The male reproductive system is a sophisticated network designed for the production, storage, and transport of sperm. Key components include the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate gland, urethra, and bladder. The epididymis, a tightly coiled tube located at the back of each testicle, is essential for storing and maturing sperm before they travel through the vas deferens during ejaculation.
This system is closely linked to the urinary tract, making it susceptible to various infections. Urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted infections are among the most common causes of inflammation in the male reproductive system, including epididymitis. Because the epididymis connects directly to both the urinary tract and the vas deferens, infections can easily spread, leading to symptoms such as pain, swelling, and discomfort. Understanding how these organs work together is crucial for diagnosing and effectively treating conditions like epididymitis.
Understanding Epididymitis
Epididymitis is a common condition involving inflammation of the epididymis—the coiled tube located behind each testicle that stores and transports sperm. Epididymitis is characterized by an inflammatory process affecting the epididymis, which leads to pain and swelling.
It’s one of the leading causes of testicular pain in men under 50, yet it often goes undiagnosed or misdiagnosed.
According to a 2023 study published in the Journal of Urology, approximately 600,000 cases of epididymitis are reported annually in the U.S. Early detection and treatment are key to avoiding complications like epididymo-orchitis, infertility, and chronic pelvic pain.
Epididymitis Symptoms
Recognizing the symptoms early helps prevent progression and complications. Common signs include:
Pain in the scrotum
One-sided scrotal pain or swelling
Redness or warmth in the scrotum
Painful urination or frequent urge to urinate
Penile discharge (white, yellow, or green)
Fever and chills (in acute cases)
Discomfort during intercourse or ejaculation
Fluid buildup around the testicle (hydrocele)
In some cases, pain may radiate to the lower abdomen, which can help differentiate between various acute scrotal conditions.
In chronic epididymitis, symptoms may persist for over six weeks, usually as dull, aching pain in the testicle or groin.
⚠️ Testicular torsion may mimic epididymitis but is a medical emergency. Immediate evaluation is essential for sudden, severe testicle pain.
Types of Epididymitis
Acute Epididymitis
Lasts < 6 weeks
Often caused by bacterial infections, including those caused by sexually transmitted pathogens such as Chlamydia trachomatis and gonococcal infection (Neisseria gonorrhoeae), or by urinary tract infections (UTIs)
May present with fever, scrotal tenderness, and swelling
Presumptive treatment is often initiated based on the most likely causative organisms before laboratory confirmation.
Chronic Epididymitis
Lasts >6 weeks
May result from prior infections, trauma, or autoimmune reactions
Symptoms are less intense but persistent
📌 A 2024 study in European Urology Open Science found that chronic cases respond better to anti-inflammatories, pelvic floor therapy, and lifestyle adjustments than antibiotics alone.
Causes and Risk Factors
Common Causes of Epididymitis
Understanding the underlying causes of epididymitis is key to preventing recurrence and tailoring effective treatment. While the causes can vary by age, lifestyle, and health history, here are the most common culprits:
1. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
In sexually active men under 35, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the most frequent infectious agents. These bacteria ascend through the urethra, prostate, and vas deferens to infect the epididymis.
Often linked to unprotected sex or multiple sexual partners.
STIs may be asymptomatic, so routine screening is essential.
2. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
Escherichia coli (E. coli) and other non-sexually transmitted bacteria can cause epididymitis, particularly in older men or those with urinary tract problems.
These bacteria can migrate from the bladder or urethra, especially when urination is obstructed or incomplete.
3. Tuberculosis (TB)
Though rare, tuberculous epididymitis can occur when Mycobacterium tuberculosis spreads from another site of infection (commonly the lungs).
Often seen in individuals with weakened immune systems or from TB-endemic areas.
Can cause chronic inflammation and granuloma formation in the epididymis.
4. Epididymo-Orchitis
In more severe infections, the inflammation can spread from the epididymis to the testicle, a condition known as epididymo-orchitis.
Often presents with more intense scrotal pain, swelling, and fever.
Can lead to testicular damage or infertility if untreated.
5. Chemical Epididymitis
This non-infectious form occurs when urine flows backward into the epididymis, often due to heavy lifting, straining, or trauma.
Associated with conditions like reflux of sterile urine from the bladder into the vas deferens.
Risk Factors of Epididymitis
Several factors can increase a man’s risk of developing epididymitis. Awareness and prevention can significantly reduce the chances of infection or recurrence.
1. Unprotected Sex or Multiple Partners
Engaging in unprotected sexual activity increases exposure to STIs like chlamydia and gonorrhea, which are leading causes of epididymitis in younger men.
Regular STI screening and condom use significantly reduce this risk.
2. Use of Urinary Catheters or Medical Devices
Indwelling catheters or intermittent self-catheterization can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract, especially in hospitalized or elderly patients.
Any foreign object in the urinary system increases infection risk.
3. Recent Pelvic or Urological Surgery
Procedures such as prostate surgery, vasectomy, or cystoscopy may disrupt normal urinary flow or introduce pathogens.
Post-operative inflammation can also mimic or trigger epididymitis.
4. Urinary Tract Structural Abnormalities
Conditions like urethral strictures, prostatic hypertrophy, or congenital malformations may impair urine flow and increase the chance of retrograde bacterial ascent.
Chronic retention or incomplete bladder emptying compounds the risk.
5. Use of Certain Medications (e.g., Amiodarone)
The antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone has been associated with a rare side effect of chemical epididymitis, especially at doses >200 mg/day.
Typically non-infectious and resolves upon discontinuation.
6. History of Prostatitis or Tuberculosis
Chronic or recurrent prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate) can serve as a reservoir for bacteria that spread to the epididymis.
Past or latent tuberculosis infections should raise suspicion in persistent or unusual cases.
7. High-Impact Physical Activities
Activities like long-distance cycling, heavy lifting, or motorcycling can irritate or traumatize the perineal and scrotal area, leading to inflammation or increased susceptibility to infection.
Wearing protective gear and taking regular breaks can help reduce the risk.
Diagnosing Epididymitis: How Is It Identified
Physical Examination
Your doctor may assess:
Swelling, tenderness, or lumps in the scrotum
Penile discharge
Enlarged or tender prostate (via rectal exam)
Diagnostic Tests
Urinalysis and urine culture: To identify bacterial causes
STI screening: To test for chlamydia or gonorrhea
Scrotal ultrasound: To distinguish epididymitis from testicular torsion or tumors
Blood tests: To assess for infection or inflammation
Differential Diagnosis: Ruling Out Other Conditions
Diagnosing epididymitis requires careful consideration, as its symptoms can overlap with several other serious conditions. One of the most critical distinctions is between epididymitis and testicular torsion—a surgical emergency that can threaten testicular viability if not treated promptly. Both conditions can present with acute scrotal pain, but testicular torsion typically involves sudden, severe pain and requires immediate intervention.
Other conditions that may mimic the symptoms of epididymitis include orchitis (inflammation of the testicle), testicular cancer, testicular infarction (loss of blood supply to the testicle), and mumps orchitis, especially in younger males. A thorough medical history, including recent sexual activity, number of sexual partners, and any previous urinary tract infections, helps identify risk factors and guide the diagnostic process.
A comprehensive physical examination is essential, often followed by diagnostic tests such as urinalysis, urine culture, and scrotal ultrasound. These steps help rule out other causes of scrotal pain and confirm the diagnosis of epididymitis. Considering all possible differential diagnoses ensures that patients receive the correct treatment and avoid complications from missed or delayed diagnoses.
Epididymitis Diagnosed: What to Expect Next
Once epididymitis is diagnosed, the primary goal is to treat the underlying bacterial infection and manage symptoms. Most patients will begin a course of antibiotic treatment tailored to the specific bacteria identified, which is crucial for resolving the infection and preventing complications. In addition to antibiotics, doctors often recommend supportive measures to relieve discomfort, such as resting, applying ice packs to the scrotum, and elevating the scrotum to reduce swelling.
For those experiencing severe pain, pain medications or anti-inflammatory drugs may be prescribed. It’s important to complete the entire course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve, to ensure the infection is fully eradicated. Patients should also monitor for signs of complications, such as epididymo-orchitis, and seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or fail to improve. Regular follow-up appointments help ensure that the infection has cleared and that no further treatment is needed.
Bacterial Epididymitis: Treating the Root Cause
When caused by bacteria, especially in younger men, prompt antibiotic treatment is essential to prevent progression to severe infection and to support overall disease control. Supportive measures such as scrotal elevation, cold packs, and activity limitation are also recommended to reduce pain and swelling.
Standard Treatment Includes:
Antibiotics: Ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, or ceftriaxone depending on the pathogen
NSAIDs: To reduce inflammation and pain
Scrotal support: Elevation and cold packs for symptom relief
Sexual partner treatment: To prevent reinfection if STI is confirmed
The Role of Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy
While antibiotics remain the first line of treatment, pelvic floor physical therapy has shown promise in speeding up recovery, particularly in chronic or treatment-resistant cases.
Benefits of Physical Therapy:
Improves pelvic blood flow
Relieves pressure and muscular tension in the groin
Helps with urination and ejaculation-related pain
Reduces inflammation without side effects
💡 Clinical evidence suggests pelvic floor therapy improves outcomes when combined with medication for both acute and chronic cases.
How to Maintain a Healthy Male Reproductive System
Preventing epididymitis starts with proactive care of the male reproductive and urinary systems:
Practice safe sex and limit sexual partners
Stay hydrated and urinate regularly
Avoid prolonged sitting or repetitive groin trauma
Seek care for urinary symptoms early
Incorporate pelvic floor exercises under professional supervision
Maintaining a healthy male genitourinary tract is essential to reduce the risk of infections and inflammation that can lead to conditions like epididymitis.
Complications of Untreated Epididymitis
If not addressed, epididymitis can lead to:
Testicular torsion
Infertility: Due to scarring or blocked sperm flow
Chronic pain
Abscess formation
Increased risk of testicular cancer (in rare cases)
Severe or untreated cases may also result in complications involving the spermatic cord, such as abscess formation or impaired blood flow.
Prognosis: What’s the Outlook?
The outlook for most men diagnosed with epididymitis is positive, especially when treatment is started early. With appropriate antibiotic therapy and supportive care, symptoms typically resolve within a few weeks. However, if left untreated, epididymitis can lead to more serious complications, including epididymo-orchitis, testicular infarction, and even infertility due to scarring or damage to the reproductive tract.
Certain individuals, such as those with chronic epididymitis or underlying conditions like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), may be at increased risk for persistent symptoms or complications. In these cases, ongoing management and lifestyle modifications may be necessary to control symptoms and prevent recurrence. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is essential to monitor recovery, address any lingering issues, and reduce the risk of long-term damage to the male reproductive system. Practicing safe sex and seeking prompt medical care for urinary or reproductive symptoms are key steps in maintaining reproductive health and preventing future episodes.
When to Seek Medical Help
Seek immediate care if you experience:
Sudden, severe testicular pain
Fever, chills, or nausea with groin pain
Discharge from the penis
Swelling that doesn’t improve in 48 hours
Difficulty urinating
Your Next Step: Expert Help Is Available
At Pelvis NYC, we specialize in helping men manage and recover from epididymitis through science-backed pelvic floor therapy. We’ve helped countless patients ease their symptoms, restore function, and prevent recurrence.
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